F5

A) One advantage of the majority party in the House or Senate is that it is easier to get something passed that might be more conservative if the Republicans have the majority since Republicans are conservative. Vice-verse for the Democrats, if they are trying to get a law that is more liberal and they have the majority it will be easier to get it passed since Democrats are liberal.
B) In the House they have the House Rules Committee, which reviews all bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full House. In the Senate they have a filibuster, where opponents of a proposed bill can try to debate over it and kill it.
C) The differences between chambers stated above would allow for a proposed bill to be passed in one chamber of Congress but not the other because they are ways of reviewing and potentially slashing the bill all together.

F2

The Americans With Disabilities Act has increased the power of the national government over the state government because it prohibits all private employers, state and local governments, employment agencies and labor unions from discriminating against qualified disabled individuals from job applications, hiring, firing, advancement etc.
Preemption is derived from the Supremacy Clause, and basically means that States can't pass laws that are inconsistent with the national law.
The Supreme Court Case U.S. vs Lopez put limits on Congress's power on the Commerce Clause of the Constitution. Lopez was charged with the federal violation of the Gun-Free School Zones Act under the Commerce Clause. Lopez appealed with reasoning that Congress didn't have the power to legislate control over public schools.
Devolution is when central government powers go to the state government, immediately decreasing the power of the national government.